Organic fertilizers are naturally available mineral sources that contain a moderate amount of essential plant nutrients. They are able to mitigate the problems associated with synthetic fertilizers. They reduce the need to repeatedly apply synthetic fertilizers to maintain soil fertility. They gradually release nutrients into the soil solution and maintain the balance of nutrients for healthy growth of crop plants.
They also act as an effective energy source for soil microbes, which, in turn, improve soil structure and crop growth.
Organic
fertilizers are generally thought to be slow-release fertilizers and contain many trace elements. They are safer alternatives to chemical fertilizers. However, improper use of organic fertilizers causes excessive fertilization or a deficiency of nutrients in the soil.Therefore, the controlled release of organic fertilizers is an effective and advanced way to overcome these impacts and maintain sustainable agricultural performance. The materials that are traditionally used for the production of organic fertilizers are animal, crustacean and vegetable waste. An environmental problem that has been given much attention recently is that agricultural facilities that store large amounts of manure, especially in dry form, can serve as a source of air pollution from leafy vegetables grown in nearby fields. A great resource for Georgia growers is the publication Organic Cover Crop Seed Production in Georgia Extension.
Organic manure stimulates food production by adding organic waste that stimulates heterotrophic food chains and increases primary productivity. Since this citizen advisory board represents all key sectors of the organic community, the NOSB recommendations provide the NOP with invaluable information on what substances should be allowed or banned in organic agriculture. The origin of the materials can define the type of microorganisms present in the compost if it is not produced correctly. Recently, organic and mineral fertilizers have been used to provide essential nutrients to the plant system, which has caused serious damage to plants and the environment in general.
Some of the liquid fertilizer materials derived from fish and soybeans are widely used in the production of organic vegetables. Healthy soil has a relatively high amount of organic matter in the soil, recycles nutrients so that they are available to crops, has a high infiltration to use rain and irrigation water, provides a good environment for root growth, and maintains a diverse underground ecosystem of microbes, fungi and invertebrates. Several unique properties of nanofertilizers, such as surface charge, size and surface area, can be used to improve crop protection and production. Aerobic and anaerobic processes in the production of organic fertilizers reach temperatures suitable for the elimination of human pathogens, but it is necessary to verify the elimination of human pathogens in the compost through the microbiological analysis of each batch produced.
Organic fertilization must also be applied in appropriate doses, since an insufficient amount of fertilizers will result in a poor yield, while excessive fertilization can cause a significant deterioration in water quality and a deficiency of dissolved oxygen (DO) and, in turn, reduce fish performance. Used alone, approved organic pesticides are rarely as effective as synthetic pesticides available to conventional farmers; however, an integrated pest management approach improves the effectiveness of organic pesticides and may even reduce their overall use. As technology and science have progressed, the types of fertilization available, so have the techniques and best practices to obtain the most ideal results. The public comment process plays an important role in ensuring that all perspectives are thoroughly considered.
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